CWN#8: The best Chinese short fiction of 2025, so far

A summer special edition

Welcome back to the Cold Window Newsletter! It’s time to get back to my initial mission with this newsletter: calling attention to great new literary writing from China. Over the last few months, I’ve sampled nearly every new Chinese short-story collection that’s come out this year.¹ I want to tell you tell you about my favorites.

Special: In search of the best new fiction in China

As of this summer, Chinese literary fiction is in a bit of a tough spot. Inside the country, there’s undeniable suspicion of literary writing affiliated with the cultural establishment: it is not a compliment to call someone 体制内, “inside the system.” A recent plagiarism scandal implicating many young establishment authors, and the schadenfreude with which their downfall was greeted on the Chinese internet, made this distrust abundantly clear.² Outside of China, translators are working as tirelessly as ever to bring worthwhile stories out into the world, but there are still far too few young Chinese writers who get any sort of attention abroad (although I do think this tide is beginning to turn).

That’s why I decided to try reading everything newly published in China this year. This project was intended to be a pulse-check, an attempt to investigate in good faith the throwaway complaint that you see from Chinese readers online all the time: there’s no good literature in China anymore.

This month’s newsletter brought to you by: libraries and bookmarks.

Surprise: that complaint is wrong. The five books below are some of the best I have ever read in Chinese. They’re mostly by women. They’re all by writers born after 1980. And, to a greater and greater extent as you move up my ranking, they all poke at the boundaries of today’s urban, technologized, hyper-globalized society, until it’s hard to tell what’s fantasy and what’s reality. That’s the kind of story that makes Chinese fiction worth reading right now. And it’s the kind that can only be written by young authors.

Let’s get into it.

Some stray thoughts on this project as a whole

• Speculative elements were extremely common across the whole sample and were nearly ubiquitous in my top 5. Not the hard sci-fi that China has become known for since The Three-Body Problem, but more commonly the uneasy, dreamlike invasion of magical or uncanny elements into everyday life.

• Related: stories about the internet were everywhere in the collections I read. English-language authors accurately capturing a text conversation in Serious Literature still feels like a rare achievement, but Chinese fiction seems to include convincing text-speak as a matter of course at this point.

• Domestic abuse and sexual assault were notable recurring themes across the sample, but I generally found that they were treated with the appropriate gravity, which is not always a given. If you read along with my recommendations, be forewarned that the top two entries on my list are particularly graphic in this regard.

• My favorite stories, nearly without exception, were long-ish novellas of the kind that are too long to ever ever get published in an English-language literary periodical. Someone invent a platform where we can publish high-quality translated novellas!!!

• Chinese cover design is just better than almost all of what I see in the US. Look at the book covers below. I’m not crazy, right?

• Overall: this project required a lot of reading. Some of the books on offer were boring, some were bewildering, and a handful were just bad. At least one was a strong contender for my top 5 but had to be dropped when that summer plagiarism scandal hit. I didn’t read any of the books in full, just in pieces, whittling away the ones that lost my interest until I was left with the list below. (I know I picked a good top 3 because they kept me reading late into the night, long after I should have set them aside and moved on to the next contestant.) Reading all these stories was exhausting and super fun, and I’d love to reprise the challenge for the second half of 2025.³

5. 邵栋《不上锁的人》(Those Who Leave the Door Unlocked by Shao Dong)

This entry is the odd one out on my list. I’d never heard of the author until he was nominated for the Blancpain-Imaginist Prize 宝珀理想国文学奖 earlier this month; he’s a bit younger than the other writers below, the only man of the bunch, and, judging by the pieces I read, the one who’s most grounded in realistic stories about traditional life. He won me over with the story 《文康乐舞》 “Recreational Dancing.” Its protagonist is a young female documentary student from Hong Kong poking around Fujian for material, and something about her voice as a narrator, both savvy and genuinely curious, made her feel like a real person in a way that not all literary narrators do. The nauseating, heartbreaking evocation of her father’s death during pandemic quarantine kicks the story into a darker mode and proves that the author has real range. I don’t think he’ll win the Blancpain prize, but he’s got me in his corner.

Shao Dong 邵栋
Born 1989

Recommended story in Chinese: 《文康乐舞》(excerpt)

Originally from Changzhou in Jiangsu Province, Shao Dong holds a doctorate from the School of Chinese at Hong Kong University. He currently serves as an assistant professor in the School of Humanities and Sociology at Hong Kong Metropolitan University. His fiction has appeared in Harvest, October, Shanghai Literature, and Hong Kong Literature and has been recognized with the first Lin Yutang Literature Award and the Hong Kong Youth Literature Award. His books include the fiction collections 《空气吉他》 Air Guitar and 《不上锁的门》 Those Who Leave the Door Unlocked, and the academic monograph Projecting on Paper: Yingxi Novels in the Early Republic of China. Air Guitar and Those Who Leave the Door Unlocked were both nominated for the Blancpain-Imaginist Literary Prize.

4. 默音《她的生活》(Her Life by Mo Yin)

I’ve always been curious about Mo Yin. I like that she translates novels from Japanese, including one by Yoko Tawada (Memoirs of a Polar Bear) that has gotten a lot of acclaim in China this year. I like that she has a reputation for mixing genre elements into literary writing. I like that this Reddit user went to the effort of making a (really good!) guide to her work, even though nary a word of her fiction has ever been translated into English so far. Sounds like something I would do...

《她的生活》 Her Life seems to have flown mostly under the radar within China, a small flourish between her better-selling novels and translations, but it proves that everything I’d heard about her writing is true. Consider the novella 《梦城》 “City of Dreams,” a sci-fi take on Hollywood set in future Japan. Through the eyes of a TV producer navigating corporate interests and cast-member intrigue, we explore a sci-fi world that feels upsettingly familiar: climate crisis, celebrity deepfakes, portable VR technology (“dreamvision”) that encourages you to isolate yourself from the world. I only learned later that Mount Fuji Diary, the book being adapted for dreamvision throughout the novella, is a real diary by Takeda Yuriko that was translated into Chinese by Mo Yin herself. The density of the ideas and references that Mo Yin plays with here is astounding.

Mo Yin 默音
Born 1980

Recommended story in Chinese: 《梦城》(excerpt)

Mo Yin is a novelist and translator. Her books include the fictional works 《甲马》Warhorse, 《星在深渊中》The Star in the Abyss, 《一字六十春》 One Word, Sixty Springs, and 《尾随者》 Tailgaters. She has also translated many literary works from Japanese, including Handymen in Mahoro Town by Shion Miura, Memoirs of a Polar Bear by Yoko Tawada, Normal Temperature in Kyoto by Kiyokazu Washida, Child’s Play by Ichiyō Higuchi, and Daily Notes and Mount Fuji Diary, both by Takeda Yuriko. Her newest collection of short fiction, 《她的生活》 Her Life, is accompanied by a sister book entitled 《笔的重量》 The Weight of the Pen, a collection of literary criticism.

3. 郭爽《肯定的火》 (Undeniable Fire by Guo Shuang)

I only read one of the three long pieces in this book, but it immediately made me want to press it into a new reader’s hands. The novella 《拱猪》 “Push Out the Pig” (named after a card game) is just such a perfect showcase of what new Chinese fiction is so good at: documenting the anxious disconnect between old and new, between parents who grew up in poverty and their children who grew up on the internet. I don’t know if Guo Shuang is a participant in fan culture herself, but she does an admirable job portraying how absorbing, liberating, and ultimately crushing it can be for a working-class child to seek escape inside online fandom. This deserves to be one of the first books people read if they want to learn about class in contemporary China.

Guo Shuang 郭爽
Born 1984
Paper Republic

Recommended story in Chinese: 《拱猪》(full story)

Available in English: review of 《月球》 Planet Moon in the China Books Review

Guo Shuang was born in 1984 in Guizhou. Her fiction has been published in Harvest, Writer Magazine, Mountain Flowers, Zhongshan, and West Lake. Her books include 《月球》Planet Moon, 《我愿意学习发抖》 I Want to Learn to Tremble, and 《正午时踏进光焰》 Stepping into the Noontime Light. She has been the recipient of the Selected Fiction Newcomer Prize, the Zhongshan Star Young Author Award, the West Lake–New Chinese Literature Award, and the Chu Jiwang Literary Award.

2. 杜梨《漪》 (The Ripple of Shattered Cuckoo by Du Li)

No, the official English title of this book does not make any sense. But it still sounds kind of good, doesn’t it?

Now we’ve arrived at the truly magical writing on my list. I predicted in my end-of-year coverage for 2024 that 杜梨 Du Li would be an author to watch this year, and I’m pleased to discover how right I was. Her writing is not easy to read, at least for a non-native speaker—it’s dense, fast-paced, and prone to unexpected leaps into hallucinatory nightmarescapes. But it’s worth the effort.

There’s 《三昧真火》“True Samādhi Fire,” a novella about an amateur rapper named Najia who has to contend with unexpected fame after her verses at a local competition go viral. In mingling satire about Beijing youth culture with a gradual excavation of the troubled life Najia left behind in her home province, the novella manages simultaneously to be silly, contemplative, learned, and very dark.

And then there’s 《鹃漪》 “The Cuckoo Vanishes,” Du Li at her unsettling best. A young couple moves into an apartment known for uncanny occurrences—and, as in any good haunted-house story, it’s less the apartment that turns out to be haunted than the occupants themselves. At every turn I found myself thinking back to 《竹峰寺》 “Zhufeng Temple” by 陈春成 Chen Chuncheng, one of my favorite short stories of all time.⁴ Both stories use the collision of traditional culture with the present as the root of a mystery story—in “Zhufeng Temple,” it’s a legendary stone stele that has gone missing; in “The Cuckoo Vanishes,” it’s a Ming-dynasty text linked to women disappearing into their dreams. The difference is that Du Li, unlike Chen Chuncheng, likes to dive deep into the haunting nonsense aesthetics of a nightmare. The worlds she describes are disturbing—both the dream world, and the real world that it masks.

Du Li 杜梨
Born 1992

Recommended story in Chinese: 《鹃漪》(excerpt)

Du Li is a novelist and translator. A contracted author at Beijing’s Lao She Literature Institute, she received a master’s degree in literature in England and currently lives in Beijing. Her books include 《致我们所钟意的黄油小饼干》 You’re the Holy Light of My Junky Life, 《孤山骑士》 Knight of the Lonely Mountain, and 《春祺夏安》 Seasons of the Palace. She has received recognitions including the Hong Kong Literary Award, the Paper–Mirror Image Nonfiction Award, the Zhongshan Star Best Young Author of the Year Award, and a gold medal at the He Cailin Science Fiction Awards.

1. 张天翼《人鱼之间》 (Beyond Truth and Tales by Zhang Tianyi)

One thing that this project has taught me is that I like fiction that overflows with ideas. If an author has a capacious enough brain to come up with ten wildly different storylines and figure out how to weave them together, I don’t want her to cut a single one out. Give me writing like a rainforest: bursting with so many sights and sounds that I can’t take it in all at once, but still somehow forming a single dense, fecund ecosystem.

That describes all the books on this list to a greater or lesser extent, but none more than 《人鱼之间》 Beyond Truth and Tales. 张天翼 Zhang Tianyi takes the elements of the other books I liked and dials them up to eleven. Allusions to classic texts? The whole book is structured around postmodern deconstructions of myths and fairy tales.⁵ Speculative elements reflecting the excesses of real-world pop culture? This is the only book on my list where you will find a candy-colored parody of Hogwarts where students wear skinsuits to look like their favorite celebrities. (See《豆茎》 “The Beanstalk,” the collection’s closer.)

Most of all, Beyond Truth and Tales is just fun to read. Like Du Li, Zhang Tianyi knows how to make a silly moment deadly serious—and more importantly, she knows how to pull a deeply upsetting plot out of a tailspin and give you permission to laugh. I couldn’t help getting deeply attached to the awkward, endearing protagonists of 《雕像》 “The Statue” (a classical-art-themed romance)! And at the end of “The Beanstalk,” when it finally clicks into place how the story’s various threads link to each other—reader, I gasped aloud.

Zhang Tianyi is already a celebrity for her prior collection, 《如雪如山》 Like the Mountains, Like the Snow, which is among the most influential works of Chinese fiction from the last five years.⁶ If her writing stays this good, then we’re going to be reading her for a long, long time.

Zhang Tianyi 张天翼
Born in the 1980s

Recommended story in Chinese: 《豆茎》(excerpt)

Available in English: “Pottery Husband” (purchase); 2023 feature in ChinaTalk

Zhang Tianyi is a freelancer and a handcrafter of novels. She enjoys tulips, islands, swimming, cheese, and horror movies. She is catless. She once grew an osmanthus tree. Her books include the fiction collections 《如雪如山》Like the Mountains, Like the Snow and 《扑火》 Jumping into the Fire, as well as the essay collection 《粉墨》Face Powder. She has received the Zhu Ziqing Literary Award, the Zhongshan Star Literary Award, and the Flint Literary Award, and her work has been adapted into film.

That’s it for this issue. If there’s more good fiction you think I missed, let me know. Look forward to a shorter, more personal interim post in the near term, and another full issue next month. Thanks for reading.

1. Specifically, every fiction collection by a Chinese writer that came out before June 30 of this year, with the exception of a few books by older authors who don’t really need more exposure in English (sorry, Can Xue 残雪), as well as a smattering of interesting collections that I couldn’t get my hands on in time and will try to read before the end of the year instead. Shout out to the top-tier coverage at the Beijing Normal University Women’s Literary Workshop 女性文学工作室 for initially drawing my attention to many of these books.

2. The whole thing was depressing and fascinating and will definitely be the topic of a shorter post in the near future.

3. If you want to participate… Sharing the reading load with other literature fans would help me ensure that future round-ups like this reflect more than just my subjective opinion. Reach out!

4. A Chen Chuncheng collection is supposed to finally come out in English next year and I CAN’T WAIT.

5. This formula cannot lose for me. If you haven’t read Angela Carter’s The Bloody Chamber, a spiritual cousin of Beyond Truth and Tales, you really must.

6. Like the Mountains, Like the Snow and Chen Chuncheng’s 《夜晚的潜水艇》 A Submarine at Midnight are the only two indisputable classics by young Chinese writers so far this decade. Can we get both of them in English, please? Please?